Moving Clinical Operations Forward During Pandemic

In the short and long term, sponsors should think through: * Protocol modifications to incorporate remote patient and site assessments or other virtual elements. * Patient visit requirements and anticipated data collection challenges. * Effective resumption of activities when the pandemic situation improves. * Improvements to risk management planning.8 * Overall impact on clinical trial and clinical program timelines (including time to approval). [...]each passing day brings new information about the spread of COVID-19 globally. [...]to plan for the short and long term, sponsors should go back to the drawing board and reevaluate overall clinical study design, including patient eligibility, feasibility, enrollment, timelines, and budgets against the evolving global landscape. [...]alarming projections indicate that socialdistancing countermeasures may need to be in place well into 20219, which means that biopharmaceutical sponsors should make urgent decisions now to plan for continued clinical research in the coming months.

Peter Sleight: visionary cardiologist and inspiring leader

Mervyn George Bishop/Fairfax Media/Getty Images Peter Sleight, a professor at Oxford University, helped to transform heart attack treatment and prevent cardiovascular disease with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and statins. Isis methodology influenced the design of studies into other conditions, including the Recovery trial, which showed that dexamethasone reduces covid-19 mortality. [...]unlike many eminent men, he was able, endearingly, to laugh at himself—for example, when medical students lampooned him as Professor BA Flight after he had flown to Tokyo for the day. In the last 10 years of his life, he generated global media interest after demonstrating with his Italian colleague Luciano Bernardi that certain musical rhythms lowered blood pressure.

The Why and Whither of Asian American Studies: Toward a Reckoning

Yuri Kochiyama (1921–2014) On March 11, 2020, roughly three months after the first death attributed to the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus was confirmed in Wuhan, China, the World Health Organization elevated its characterization of the ensuing outbreaks from "public health emergency of international concern" (PHEIC) to global pandemic. [...]we editors, along with the contributors to this special issue, acknowledge from the outset that the formation of Asian American studies—along with ethnic studies and gender/sexuality studies—was first and foremost a paradigmatic endeavor, one that, as Lisa Lowe productively characterizes it, remains "key to thinking in comparative relational ways about race, power, and interconnected colonialisms. More than a few students found themselves spending more time in the community than in school. [...]were born a host of Asian American community organizations and services, as well as an increasing vector of Asian American political activism in defense of our communities. "4 Such reckonings, intimately tied to the formation of Asian American studies as a critical race-based interdiscipline born out of 1960s civil rights movements and liberation fronts, encapsulate the field's aspirational politics.

2023 ACHE Hudgens Award Recipient: Baljeet S. Sangha, FACHE, COO, San Francisco Health Network

The integrated, safety-net healthcare system for the City and County of San Francisco includes the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco's only Level 1 trauma center, and the Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center. [...]even when folks can't get out of their home, we at the San Francisco Health Network know we can still reach out to them with access to substance abuse and mental health support as well as other critical preventive screenings. Dr. Ford: A few years ago, San Francisco enacted a law directing firms that employ 20 or more employees, most notably food service workers, to contribute a minimum amount to health benefits per employee hour. [...]many of them are doing two or three jobs to support their families, so it is impossible for them to get healthcare during periods that may be "normal” for the rest of us.

A STATISTICAL FALLACY

A nonsignificant odds ratio (1.08, 0.99-1.26 confidence interval, or CI) in the largest study3 concluded that the study may have been underpowered to show a statistically significant effect. In 2016, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services dropped its recommendations about regular teeth flossing because no adequately controlled studies proving a benefit existed.6 Here, the absence of confirmatory evidence (studies were only three months) may have been too short to show an effect. The "file drawer problem"8 assumes that less convincing or perhaps negative studies are less likely to be published and, if true, ' may result in publication bias in the outcome of a systematic review.

Public Health Nursing's Impact on Strengthening Community Resilience

Beginning with the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service in 1895, public health nursing was envisioned by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster to promote community resilience, in cooperation with multisectoral private-public partnerships, by meeting people where they are without blaming them for their problems.2 Two articles in this supplement demonstrate the impact of public health nursing practices and policies on strengthening community resilience at multiple levels of influence: adaptive (ability to adjust), absorptive (ability to cope), anticipatory (ability to predict and be proactive), and transformative (ability to transform systems to deal with change and uncertainty).3 Guided by the Community Resiliency Model, Duva et al. (p. S271) describe the impact of a nurse-led public health intervention designed to meet population mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guided by the Public Health 3.0 and communitybased participatory frameworks, Austin et al. (p. S275) describe a communityvalidated mobile application that provided actionable data to communities to address substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic, shifting the focus of the communities from a deficit-based approach to a strength-based or resilience approach. CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence should be sent to Catherine M. Waters, RN, PhD, University of California, San Francisco, Schoolof Nursing, Department of Community Health Systems, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608 (e-mail: catherine.waters@ ucsf.edu).

Corpus-Based Analysis of the Feminine Style of Kamala Harris' Discourse: Women (Not Men) Are the Backbone of America's Democracy and Economy

Few studies analyzed the political discourse of the American Vice President Kamala Harris, especially during the presidential elections and her position as the American Vice President. This paper investigates the political discourse of Harris in a corpus-based study of 40 speeches (82,268) words, from 13 October, 2020 to 10 May, 2022. It examines whether Harris' speeches draw on "the feminine style" of political speeches as envisaged by Campbell (1989), Dow and Tonn (1993), and Blankenship and Robson (1995). Qualitative and quantitative analysis will be used. The quantitative analysis will use the Antconc Software to investigate the frequency of certain lexical items related to females such as woman, women, female(s), girl(s), lady, ladies, mother(s), and mom(s), inter alia. Moreover, the frequency of the first-person and third-person pronouns I, we are investigated to examine whether Harris shares her life experience and inspect whether she uses inclusive language. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the political discourse of the Vice President draws on the feminine style of political speeches, such as constructing a political stance based on genuine experience, dedication to addressing women's issues in the political arena, promoting inclusiveness and realizing that actual achievements are required for leadership positions and highlighting that in her political discourse, which is in line with the observations of Campbell (1989), Dow and Tonn (1993), and Blankenship and Robson (1995).

Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education: 2021 Annual Report

President - John Clay Kirtley, PharmD, Executive Director, Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy (National Associate of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP));Vice-President - Reza Karimi, RPh, PhD, Dean & Professor, Pacific University School of Pharmacy (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, AACP);Secretary/ Treasurer - Amy L. Seybert, BS, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, CHSE, Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (American Pharmacists Association, APhA) Board Members. Marie A. Chisholm-Burns, PharmD, MPH, MBA, FCCP, FASHP, Dean at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy and Professor of Surgery in the College of Medicine (AACP);Gregory Gruener, MD, MBA, MHPE, Vice Dean for Education, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Ralph P. Leischner Jr., MD, Department of Medical Education, Professor, Neurology (American Council on Education, ACE);Kimberly S. Croley, PharmD, BCGP, FASCP, FAPhA, Director of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacist for Laurel Senior Living Communities (APhA);Winnie A. Landis, BS Pharm, CDE, FAPhA, Community Pharmacist, CVS Health (APhA);LuGina Mendez-Harper, PharmD, Director, Professional Practices, at Prime Therapeutics (NABP);Michael A. Mone, RPh, JD, FAPhA, Senior Legal Counsel, CVS Health (NABP);Sharon L. Youmans, PharmD, MPH, FAPhA, Vice Dean at the University of California San Francisco and Professor of Clinical Pharmacy (AACP) Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) Commission The CPE Commission met virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 11-13, 2021, and November 16-18, 2021. Crystal Carter, MPA, Louisiana Pharmacists Association;JoAnn Francis, BS Pharm, MBA, CHCP, American Society of Health System Pharmacists;Peter J. (P.J.) Hughes, PharmD, MSEd, BCPS, Samford University;Barbara Jolly, RPh, MPA, LDE, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy;Lindsay Kaster, PharmD, BCOP, Boise VA Medical Center;Nicholas Lehman, PharmD, BCACP, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and UnityPoint West Des Moines Family Medicine & Internal Medicine Clinics;Jennifer Pauley, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital;Ginger Scott, RPh, MS, PhD, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy;Kathy Schott, PhD, CEimpact;Barbara Ellen Maguire Vick, JD, PharmD, BCSCP, North Carolina Board of Pharmacy;Diane Yoon, EdD, USC School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus. For Purposes of Considering Continued Accreditation Status Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions·;Duquesne University School of Pharmacy;Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences·;Howard University College of Pharmacy;Long Island University Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences·;Mercer University College of Pharmacy Doctor of Pharmacy;Midwestern University College of Pharmacy·;Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science College of Pharmacy;South College School of Pharmacy;University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy;University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy;University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy;University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy;University of Kansas School of Pharmacy;University of Louisiana at Monroe College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy;University of Utah College of Pharmacy Accredited with Probation Status Chicago State University College of Pharmacy For Purposes of Considering Advancement from Precandidate to Candidate Status American University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy Removal of Accredited with Probation Status: None For Purposes of Considering: Application for Precandidate Status: California Health Sciences University College of Pharmacy (three year) (precandidate status denied) For Purposes of Considering: Continued Candidate Status None For Purposes of Considering: Continued Accredited Status (after initial two-year term) University of Texas at Tyler Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy For Purposes of Considering: Advancement from Candidate to Accredited Status Larkin University College of Pharmacy (advancement denied;held at candidate status);SUNY Binghamton University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences;University of Texas at El Paso College of Pharmacy;William Carey University School of Pharmacy Focused On-site Evaluation Visits Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences;D'Youville College School of Pharmacy;St. John Fisher Wegmans School of Pharmacy;Touro New York College of Pharmacy;University at Buffalo The State University of New York School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences;University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy;University of Tennessee Health Science

A molecular dynamic investigation of human rhinovirus 3c protease drug target: insights towards the design of potential inhibitors

The 3C protease is distinguished from most proteases due to the presence of cysteine nucleophile that plays an essential role in viral replication. This peculiar structure encompassed with its role in viral replication has promoted 3C protease as an interesting target for therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases caused by human rhinovirus (HRV). However, the molecular mechanisms surrounding the chirality of inhibitors of HRV 3C protease remain unresolved. Herein using in silico techniques such molecular dynamic simulation and binding free estimations via molecular mechanics poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA), we present a comprehensive molecular dynamics study of the comparison of two potent inhibitors, SG85 and rupintrivir, complexed with HRV3C protease. The binding free energy studies revealed a higher binding affinity for SG85 of 58.853 kcal/mol than that for rupintrivir of 54.0873 kcal/mol and this was found to be in correlation with the experimental data. The energy decomposition analysis showed that residues Leu 127, Thr 142, Ser 144, Gly 145, Tyr 146, Cys 147, His 161, Val 162, Gly 163, Gly 164, Asn 165, and Phe 170 largely contributed to the binding of SG85, whereas His 40, Leu 127, and Gly 163 impacted the binding of rupintrivir. The results further showed that His 40, Glu 71, Leu 127, Cys 147, Gly 163, and Gyl 164 were crucial residues that played a key role in ligand-enzyme binding, and amongst these crucial residues, His 40, Glu 71, and Cys 147 appeared to be conserved in the active site of HRV-3C protease when bound by both inhibitors. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and structural features and would serve as guidance in the design and development of potent novel inhibitors of HRV.

Virtual Training System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control Teaching–Learning Processes

The present work is focused on the development of a Virtual Environment as a test system for new advanced control algorithms for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The virtualized environment allows us to visualize the behavior of the UAV by including the mathematical model of it. The mathematical structure of the kinematic and dynamic models is represented in a matrix form in order to be used in different control algorithms proposals. For the dynamic model, the constants are obtained experimentally, using a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAV. All of this is conducted with the purpose of using the virtualized environment in educational processes in which, due to the excessive cost of the materials, it is not possible to acquire physical equipment;moreover, is it desired to avoid damaging them. Finally, the stability and robustness of the proposed controllers are determined to ensure analytically the compliance with the control criteria and its correct operation.

Learning to Share: Outdoor Commercial Spaces on San Francisco's Valencia Street

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the City of San Francisco sanctioned the use of public space on sidewalks and parking spaces for commercial use as part of their Shared Spaces initiative. Combined with streamlined permitting processes and an iterative rollout of design guidelines and inspections, the program facilitated a rapid and large-scale shift in the city’s streetscape. Using the Valencia Street commercial corridor in San Francisco’s Mission District as a case study area, we define and observe the “outdoor commercial spaces” (OCS) to present a preliminary typology based on degree of enclosure as a potential signifier of different patterns in use and perception of public space. We interview residents and other stakeholders to explore emerging themes in the perception of OCS, complemented by pedestrian path tracing along different sections of Valencia Street. Our findings indicate that differences in the degree of enclosure in OCS on Valencia Street partially reflect their diversity in use and business type. The limited interview data also suggests that individuals across all stakeholder groups generally believe OCS represent an improvement to public space even when more enclosed OCS imply the privatization of public space. Additionally, pedestrian behavior while the street is closed to vehicular traffic implies that the street closure is an important complement to OCS that maximizes the potential benefits of an activated streetscape while mitigating the negative effects and perceptions of privatization. However, these changes may amplify existing patterns of inclusion and exclusion in public spaces on Valencia Street. Especially as many OCS may become permanent fixtures of San Francisco’s streets, their design and purpose have important implications for street-level accessibility and city-wide equity for small businesses. These dynamics –and the OCS themselves –are likely to continue evolving during the transition to long-term guidelines and implementation.

Preventing Childhood Vision Loss Through Exploitative Prison Labor: A Call for Action

The California Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA), a semiautonomous prison labor agency under the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, runs two optical laboratories operated by people incarcerated at Valley State Prison and California State Prison, Solano,1 and these laboratories supply ophthalmic lenses to eligible Medicaid recipients, such as this young patient. Documents we obtained through a public records request revealed that our state's public health agency, the California Department of Health Care Services (DHCS), agreed to pay CALPIA up to $37.9 million for the 2021/22 fiscal year for optical services alone. CALPIA wages in prison-based optical shops range between $0.35 and $1.00 per hour,6 up to 55% of which can be deducted by law for restitution and administrative costs, resulting in an effective pay rate as low as $0.16 per hour.7 Courts have routinely rejected legal challenges to these meager wages by concluding that, because the Thirteen Amendment permits the involuntary servitude of incarcerated people, the federal minimum wage law does not apply to prison labor.8 The result is a strange supply chain that is not always transparent or top of mind: medical devices produced by poorly paid imprisoned people are provided to the poorest members of free society, such as the infant who needed sight-saving glasses. Others have called for public health officials, researchers, and physicians to address the sprawling reach of the prison industrial complex.14 Medical providers could use their position of authority to advocate better pay and conditions for incarcerated workers who produce the very devices that providers prescribe.

Scams Against Lawyers, Professionals, and Other Ordinary People

In 2021, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission received over 5.7 million reports of fraud, identity theft, and other consumer protection issues, accounting for $5.9 billion in fraud losses.3 Of people ages 20-29 reporting fraud to the FTC, 41 percent lost money to the schemes perpetrated, compared to only 18 percent of those in the 70-79 age range reporting fraud.4 The most common types of fraud and their median losses vary by age group. The top categories for fraud losses for the 20-29-year-old category are $2,000 for fake check scams, $1,821 for job scams, and $1,000 for government imposter scams.5 For the 80 and over age group, the highest median losses are $7,650 for romance scams;$6,000 for prizes, sweepstakes, and lottery scams;and $4,975 for family and friend imposter scams.6 Scammers Understand Their Potential Targets There is little doubt that scammers target the unsuspecting, but be advised that scammers also target professionals, businesspeople, and other "sophisticated" groups. According to a psychology professor who has studied scams, scammers are amateur psychologists.7 They understand that people respond to social influences and authority figures. Once the therapist provided the fake deputy sheriff with the Visa card numbers and the PINs, the final step of the scam involved his advising the therapist that she should put the cards in an envelope with his name and badge number and deposit the envelope in a special mailbox (which was a regular, public

Highlights from this issue

Correspondence to Dr Ellen J Weber, Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA;ellen.weber@ucsf.edu Much of what emergency physicians do is assess risk. In the study of NHS24 in Scotland assessing young patients with chest pain, Hodgins et al found that triage to the ED or an immediate home visit was associated with increased odds of patients being admitted to hospital with ‘a serious diagnosis’ while only 0.1% of patients directed to self-care were admitted to hospital in the next 7 days However, only 8.2% of patients were directed to self-care suggesting that although safe, there was substantial over-triage. [...]while many studies about prehospital intubation focus on patients in cardiac arrest, Strucker et al explore risk factors and outcomes of unrecognised endobronchial intubation in trauma patients. [...]our COVID-19 paper this month details the clinical outcomes of a nurse-led alternate care centre for assessing patients with COVID-19, which might prove an otion for some EDs should we see more surges in the current pandemic or as we plan for the inevitable next one.

STOPPING AAPI HATE: STUDENT REFLECTIONS ON THE PUBLIC POLICY PROCESS

Jeung et al asserts that from its inception in March 2020, one of SAH's objectives was to shape the narrative about anti-Asian hate. Rather than framing COVID-19 discrimination as isolated incidents by a few prejudiced individuals, the coalition wanted to 1) connect it to historic racism against Asian Americans;2) articulate the widespread, systemic nature of this racism;and 3) promote solidarity with other communities of color. As Speaker Pelosi's speech and the LA Times op-ed "Anti-Asian Hate Crimes Are Surging. Along with raising awareness about COVID-19 discrimination, SAH sought to develop policies that addressed the roots and trends of the problem. Their data analysis revealed that most incidents were not hate crimes, but primarily cases of harassment and shunning. Consequently, in formulating policy solutions SAH prioritized models of public education, restorative justice, and civil rights enforcement over hate crime enforcement.

Implementing Quality of Care Measures: Lessons from a Standardized Patient Study in Seven Provinces of China

Procedures are strictly followed to ensure all research conduct is ethical, and the data reveal levels of appropriate and inappropriate care provided.3 It is important to recognize how these data differ from medical records and why USP data should not be considered a substitute for real-patient data or vice versa. Because of standardization, USP data allow researchers to examine the care provided in response to the same patient presentation by different providers composing an intentionally designed sample. Because the underlying condition is known (predetermined) by the researchers, several crucial advantages exist over other data types. [...]how a provider arrives at a specific diagnosis through the process of analyzing patient history and conducting physical examinations, known as differential diagnosis, can be accurately evaluated. [...]the use of technology throughout the entire SP implementation process from design to data collection, including monitoring, appeared essential for reducing expenditures without sacrificing implementation fidelity.

Ballar al carrer com a empoderament feminista. El discurs coreogràfic dels col·lectius Bellywarda i L'Armée des Roses

La reivindicado dels cossos femenins a l'espai public és una constant en els moviments socials feministes. Ja sigui ocupant els carrers en protesta pels drets i la igualtat de les dones, contra l'assetjament sexual i la violació o involucrat en altres manifestacions socials, el paper del cos femení a l'espai públic vehiculant un missatge social és reivindicat per artistes de totes les disciplines. En el camp de la dansa, algunes companyies actuen expressament en espais públics amb l'objectiu precís de conquerir-lo com a escenari per visibilitzar els cossos femenins, destacant-ne la diversitat i reclamant més igualtat i llibertat. A través d'entrevistes collectives, analitzem el discurs coreografic dels col·lectius Bellywarda (FatChanceBellyDance©) i L'Armée des Roses (cancan), dues companyies franceses compromeses amb la difusió del feminisme al carrer. Amb l'objectiu d'estudiar ľapropiació de l'espai urba, la interacció i recepció amb el públic, els vincles socials entre ballarines i la transmissio dels valors feministes, hem abordat l'observació de la dansa i les entrevistes des de la sociologia de les emocions, la fenomenologia dels espais urbans i els estudis de dones. El context de pandemia no ens ha permès fer una observació de la recepció del públic al carrer, però hem pogut abordar amb elles la situació a França de la dansa, considerada com a «bé cultural no essencial», amb la prohibició de la realització d'activitats culturals durant el segon confinament, moment en quě es realitza aquest estudi.Alternate :The reaffirmation of female bodies in public spaces is a constant in feminist social movements. Indeed, the role of the female body in public spaces and conveying a social message is vindicated by artists from all disciplines, whether by occupying the streets in protest of unequal women's rights and equality or sexual harassment and rape, or in other social demonstrations. In the field of dance, some companies perform expressly in public spaces with the precise aim of conquering these arenas as a stage to visibilise female bodies, highlighting their diversity and demanding more equality and freedom. In this article, we use collective interviews with two French companies committed to promoting feminism in the streets Bellywarda (FatChanceBellyDance©) and L'Armée des Roses (performing the cancan), to analyse the choreographic discourse related to this concept. We aimed to study the appropriation of public spaces, interactions with the public at large and their reception of these performances, social links between dancers, and the transmission of feminist values. Observation of these dances and the interview outcomes was addressed from the perspectives of the sociology of emotions, phenomenology of urban spaces, and women's studies. The context of the COVID-19 pandemic prevented us from examining the public reception of these street actions, but we were able to discuss the current situation in France in which dance is considered a 'non-essential cultural asset' during the second lockdown, when this research takes place.

Federal and State Regulatory Changes to Methadone Take-Home Doses: Impact of Sociostructural Factors

Federal regulations for THDs changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing OTPs to initiate or extend THDs.2 Emerging data suggest increasing access to THDs does not increase adverse events.3-5 In March 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) enacted exemptions allowing increased THDs to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection risk by decongregating OTP settings. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IMPACT In a multisite, mixed methods study examining the experiences and outcomes of individuals with opioid use disorder who received increased THDs (study 1), we noted that the financial structuring of one OTP influenced the implementation of regulations during COVID-19. In February 2020, 88 incarcerated men were enrolled in the MMT program. Because of COVID-19, admissions were postponed until October 2020. [...]research is needed to understand the impact of varied state OTP regulations among persons released from prison on MMT.

La influencia del capital social virtual en los efectos económico y académico percibidos por los estudiantes universitarios. Un análisis en tiempos del Covid19

: The objective of this study is to explain if virtual social capital, divided into binding social capital (CSV) and social capital that build bridges (CSP), has been related to the economic and academic effects perceived by university students during confinement by the COVID 19. The results show a significant association between virtual social capital and the economic and academic effects perceived during quarantine, with social capital that builds bridges having a greater incidence. Keywords: online social capital;covid19;virtual education;college students;economic effect;academic effect. 1.Introducción Desde finales del año 2019 la sociedad viene atravesando una de las pandemias más fuertes de este siglo: el COVID19, esta enfermedad ha generado crisis en los sistemas de salud, en los modelos económicos, los métodos educativos y ha transformado las rutinas y la cotidianidad de la sociedad en su conjunto (Orellana, 2020;Hernández, 2020;Ríos, 2020) A raíz de ello los gobiernos de los países como medida de prevención han aplicado el confinamiento y distanciamiento social, fruto de esta situación el modelo educativo presencial se ha transformado en un modelo virtual en todos sus niveles;en el caso de la educación superior, miles de jóvenes de universidades públicas y privadas de manera abrupta han continuado su formación en aulas virtuales. Los conceptos teóricos de estos autores dieron paso a otros estudios que afirman que existe una especie de capital social vinculante (cercano y familiar) y un capital social que tienden puentes y genera oportunidades de trabajo o emprendimiento (Aldana y Bernal, 2019;Orlandini y Ortiz, 2019;Geraee, et, al., 2019;Ventura y Quero, 2013;Liñán y Santos, 2006) A partir del COVID19 el capital social virtual se estudia como una variable importante en la respuesta a la crisis de salud, económica y social y constituye una estrategia para superar las consecuencias del aislamiento (Pitas y Ehmer, 2020;Valencia y Hoyos, 2020) Según los informes de autoevaluación de la Carrera de Economía de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, hasta el año 2019 las redes sociales eran usadas, por lo universitarios, para conectarse con amigos y familia, ver videos o fotos y compartir contenido, la red más usada con un 90% era whatsapp, seguida de Facebook con un 87% y youtube con 60% entre las tres más usadas (https://economicas.usfx.bo/economia, 2021).